除此之外,你還想多知道一點嗎?我們在此簡單介紹一下 萬圣節的由來與習俗。
一、萬圣節的由來 關于萬圣節由來的,傳說最多的版本認為,那是源于基督誕生前的古西歐國家,主要包括愛爾蘭、蘇格蘭和威爾士。這幾處的古西歐人叫德魯伊特人。德魯伊特的新年在十一月一日,新年前夜,德魯伊特人讓年輕人集隊,戴著各種怪異面具,拎著刻好的蘿卜燈(南瓜燈系后期習俗,古西歐最早沒有南瓜),他們游走于村落間。這在當時實則為一種秋收的慶典;也有說是鬼節”,傳說當年死去的人,靈魂會在萬圣節的前夜造訪人世,據說人們應該讓造訪的鬼魂看到圓滿的收成并對鬼魂呈現出豐盛的款待。所有篝火及燈火,一來為了嚇走鬼魂,同時也為鬼魂照亮路線,引導其回歸。 在中世紀的中歐,曾有過基督教摧毀異教徒的歷史?墒切履暌骨暗募漓霊c典從未真正消除,不過以巫術的形式出現。這也就是為什么我們現在的萬圣節里,還留有巫婆的掃帚、黑貓、咒語等痕跡。
二、halloween一詞的產生 很多民族都在萬圣節前夜有慶典聚會,這又被叫做all hallow e'en”、the eve of all hallows”、hallow e'en”,或者the eve of all saintas'day”。最終約定俗成演變成了halloween”,中文意譯成了萬圣節之夜。
三、trick or treat”的傳說 孩子們今天著裝挨家要糖的習俗,據說起源于愛爾蘭。古西歐時候的愛爾蘭異教徒們,相信在萬圣節前夜鬼魂會群集于居家附近,并接受設宴款待。因而,在宴會”結束后,村民們就自己扮成鬼魂精靈,游走村外,引導鬼魂離開,避邪免災。于此同時,村民們也都注意在屋前院后的擺布些水果及其他食品,喂足鬼魂而不至于讓它們傷害人類和動物或者掠奪其他收成◇來這習俗一直延續下來,就成了孩子們取笑不慷慨之家的玩笑。
Halloween一詞的產生:
很多民族都在萬圣節前夜有慶典聚會,這又被叫做“All Hallow E'en”、“The Eve of All Hallows”、“Hallow e'en”,或者“The eve of All Saintas'Day”。最終約定俗成演變成了“Halloween”,中文意譯成了萬圣節之夜。
由來
兩千多年前,歐洲的天主教會把11月1日定為“天下圣徒之日” (ALL HALLOWS DAY) 。“HALLOW” 即圣徒之意。傳說自公元前五百年,居住在愛爾蘭、蘇格蘭等地的凱爾特人 (CELTS) 把這節日往前移了一天,即10月31日。他們認為該日是夏天正式結束的日子,也就是新年伊始,嚴酷的冬季開始的一天。那時人們相信,故人的亡魂會在這一天回到故居地在活人身上找尋生靈,借此再生,而且這是人在死后能獲得再生的唯一希望。而活著的人則懼怕死魂來奪生,于是人們就在這一天熄掉爐火、燭光,讓死魂無法找尋活人,又把自己打扮成妖魔鬼怪把死人之魂靈嚇走。之后,他們又會把火種燭光重新燃起,開始新的一年的生活。傳說那時凱爾特人部落還有在10月31日把活人殺死用以祭奠死人的習俗。
南瓜燈
南瓜雕空當燈籠的故事源于古代愛爾蘭。故事是說一個名叫 JACK 的人,是個醉漢且愛惡作劇。一天 JACK 把惡魔騙上了樹,隨即在樹樁上刻了個十字,恐嚇惡魔令他不敢下來,然后 JACK 就與惡魔約法三章,讓惡魔答應施法讓 JACK 永遠不會犯罪為條件讓他下樹。 JACK 死后,其靈魂卻既不能上天又不能下地獄,于是他的亡靈只好靠一根小蠟燭照著指引他在天地之間倘佯。在古老的愛爾蘭傳說里,這根小蠟燭是在一根挖空的蘿卜里放著,稱作“JACK LANTERNS”,而古老的蘿卜燈演變到今天,則是南瓜做的 Jack-O-Lantern 了。
HALLOWEEN
One story about Jack, an Irishman, who was not allowed into Heaven because he was stingy with his money. So he was sent to hell. But down there he played tricks on the Devil (Satan), so he was kicked out of Hell and made to walk the earth forever carrying a lantern.
Well, Irish children made Jack's lanterns on October 31st from a large potato or turnip, hollowed out with the sides having holes and lit by little candles inside. And Irish children would carry them as they went from house to house begging for food for the village Halloween festival that honored the Druid god Muck Olla. The Irish name for these lanterns was "Jack with the lantern" or "Jack of the lantern," abbreviated as " Jack-o'-lantern" and now spelled "jack-o-lantern."
The traditional Halloween you can read about in most books was just children's fun night. Halloween celebrations would start in October in every elementary school.
Children would make Halloween decorations, all kinds of orange-paper jack-o-lanterns. And from black paper you'd cut "scary" designs ---an evil witch with a pointed hat riding through the sky on a broomstick, maybe with black bats flying across the moon, and that meant bad luck. And of course black cats for more bad luck. Sometimes a black cat would ride away into the sky on the back of the witch's broom.
And on Halloween night we'd dress up in Mom or Dad's old shoes and clothes, put on a mask, and be ready to go outside. The little kids (children younger than we were) had to go with their mothers, but we older ones went together to neighbors' houses, ringing their doorbell and yelling, "Trick or treat!" meaning, "Give us a treat (something to eat) or we'll play a trick on you!" The people inside were supposed to come to the door and comment on our costumes.
Oh! here's a ghost. Oh, there's a witch. Oh, here's an old lady.
Sometimes they would play along with us and Ptend to be scared by some ghost or witch. But they would always have some candy and maybe an apple to put in our "trick or treat bags." But what if no one come to the door, or if someone chased us away? Then we'd play a trick on them, usually taking a piece of soap and make marks on their windows. .And afterwards we would go home and count who got the most candy. One popular teen-agers' Halloween trick was to unroll a roll of toilet paper and throw it high into a tree again and again until the tree was all wrapped in the white paper. The paper would often stay in the tree for weeks until a heavy snow or rain washed it off. No real harm done, but it made a big mess of both the tree and the yard under it. One kind of Halloween mischief. 注釋:
1. was stingy with:對……吝嗇。Stingy這個詞你可不要去模仿,因為他是“吝嗇的”意思,要不你可要成為“葛朗臺”了!但你可要注意stinggy這個形容詞詞是和介詞with連用的呀!
2. carrying a lantern:拿著燈籠。這里用carrying作walk的伴隨狀語,更生動地說明可憐的Jack無論走到哪里手里都要提著燈籠了。好累呀!
3. neighbors' houses:鄰居的屋子。Neighbors本身已經是復數,有一個“s”了。如果表示“鄰居的”,就不能加“'s”(太累贅),而要直接加“'”了。所以就是neighbors' houses。
4. come to the door:應門。“走到門前面”自然就是要來開門看看是哪些小調皮在搗亂啦!
5. unroll a roll of toilet paper:打開一卷紙。這么多roll,可別怵!roll是“卷、卷起”的意思,a roll of toilet paper是一卷手紙;unroll則是roll(卷起)的反義詞“打開”的意思,所以就是“打開一卷手紙”了!
萬圣節
關于萬圣節有這樣一個故事。是說有一個叫杰克的愛爾蘭人,因為他對錢特別吝嗇,就不允許他進入天堂,而被打入地獄。但是在那里他老是捉弄魔鬼撒旦,所以被踢出地獄,罰他提著燈籠永遠在人世里行走。
在十月三十一日愛爾蘭的孩子們用土豆和羅卜制作“杰克的燈籠”,他們把中間挖掉、表面上打洞并在里邊點上蠟燭。為村里慶祝督伊德神的萬圣節,孩子們提著這種燈籠挨家挨戶乞討食物。這種燈籠的愛爾蘭名字是“拿燈籠的杰克”或者“杰克的燈籠”,縮寫為Jack-o'-lantern 現在拼寫為jack-o-lantern。
現在你在大多數書里讀到的萬圣節只是孩子們開心的夜晚。在小學校里,萬圣節是每年十月份開始慶祝的。
孩子們會制作萬圣節的裝飾品:各種各樣桔黃色的南瓜燈。你可以用黑色的紙做一個可怕的造形——一個騎在掃帚把上戴著尖尖帽子的女巫飛過天空,或者是黑蝙蝠飛過月亮。這些都代表惡運。當然黑貓代表運氣更差。有時候會出現黑貓騎在女巫掃帚后面飛向天空的造形。
在萬圣節的晚上,我們都穿著爸爸媽媽的舊衣服和舊鞋子,戴上面具,打算外出。比我們小的孩子必須和他們的母親一塊出去,我們大一點的就一起哄到鄰居家,按他們的門鈴并大聲喊道:“惡作劇還是招待!”意思是給我們吃的,要不我們就捉弄你。里邊的人們應該出來評價我們的化裝。
“噢!這是鬼,那是女巫,這是個老太婆。”
有時候他們會跟我們一起玩,假裝被鬼或者女巫嚇著了。但是他們通常會帶一些糖果或者蘋果放進我們的“惡作劇還是招待”的口袋里。可是要是沒人回答門鈴或者是有人把我們趕開該怎么辦呢?我們就捉弄他們,通常是拿一塊肥皂把他們的玻璃涂得亂七八糟。然后我們回家,數數誰的糖果最多。
還有一個典型的萬圣節花招是把一卷手紙拉開,不停地往樹上扔,直到樹全被白紙裹起來。除非下大雪或大雨把紙沖掉,紙會一直呆在樹上。這并不造成真正的傷害,只是把樹和院子搞亂,一種萬圣節的惡作劇。
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